dos.dos “Relatedness” As the Viewed From the Historical Semantics

There is no doubt, in addition to – and particularly – among positives, which our rational language is highly organized. There are a lot of relationships amongst the unmarried terms and conditions from a vocabulary and also the definitions of those terminology, correspondingly. Certainly linguists, these types of affairs are called “semantic interactions”, “sense affairs” otherwise “lexical connections”. These semantic relations would be analysed and you can explained for area, and also in next, 1st of those of those connections should be demonstrated.

To help you promote an initial, crucial description of advanced, it must be asserted that there are lots of research projects with this material. Yet not, it report can only were a number of them. Literary works which had been put is obtainable significantly less than area six, “Directory of Work Quoted”. Opportunity delimitations just have already been made so far as outline are worried. As this paper is just a highly quick bit of search, the latest experts provides confined themselves to not ever go into excessively detail, but rather you will need to offer a great questionnaire of your own thing.

dos.1 Polysemy And you can Homonymy

Polysemy can be defined as “a phrase used in semantic study to refer so you’re able to good lexical items which has a variety of some other definitions” (Crystal 1997, 297). Amazingly offers because example for polysemy the newest lexical items “plain”, with the different meanings “clear”, “unadorned”, “obvious”, an such like.(ibid. Crystal).

Today, the trouble you to pops up to possess linguists is exactly how to separate polysemy away from an alternative ambiguity, of homonymy. Amazingly talks of homonymy since the “a term included in semantic investigation to mention so you’re able to [a couple of] lexical items which [accidentally] have a similar setting, but differ from jak zjistit, kdo vás má rád na smooch bez placení inside the definition” (Amazingly 1997, 185). Crystal’s examples listed below are “bear” and you may “ear”. “Bear” can determine a pet otherwise may have this is away from “to carry”, “ear” can be consider the body or even corn (ibid. Crystal).

Throughout these advice, homonymy covers each other spoken and you will authored variations, however it is along with possible that brand new title out of two lexemes is during an individual typical, in which particular case linguists do talk about limited homonymy otherwise heteronymy (ibid. Crystal). It’s possible to identify two types of partial homonymy:

– Homography: a couple of lexical points have the same written function, but disagree from inside the pronunciation (an example certainly are the two lexical bits of “lead”, you to definitely obvious [li:d] and you may meaning “to settle side”, others obvious [led] and you will identifying another type of metal). – Homophony: a couple lexical things have a similar enunciation, however, disagree inside spelling

(e.g. the two lexical situations “led” and you can “lead”, all of that are noticable [led], the original as being the prior demanding away from “to lead”, aforementioned once more defining another type of sort of steel).

two sorts Out-of Ambiguity

Hence, polysemy and you may homonymy will be renowned from both by the existing or shed relatedness amongst the definitions and is allocated to at least one phonological mode. What is the core of your count, ‘s the question as to the the quantity this notion regarding “relatedness” is going to be specified. Put another way: just how do “relatedness” feel discussed? In the event that a clear and you will precise definition would be offered, the whole situation will be fixed, having then the sensation regarding phonological models whose relatedness is going to be turned out would be called “homonymy”, whose relatedness cannot be turned-out was entitled “polysemy”. Although not, since goes so often in neuro-scientific semantics, one cannot simply promote a clear and you can indisputable definition of the phrase “relatedness”. There are two very first answers to this matter, one given by historical semantics, another from the synchronic semantics.

Historical semantics interprets the notion “relatedness” mainly genetically and this speaks of polysemy in the event that a good lexeme with some other significance bears an equivalent etymological origins (Kastovsky 1982, 121). Examples is “game” into the a couple of significance “wildlife” and “playful activity” or “funny” meaning often “strange” otherwise “amusing”. Each other advice inform you lexemes whoever various other definitions have the same etymological sources and are also hence translated since the polysemy by the historical semantics.